arrHitInfo=new Array("000cp,22,1","0kw,29,1","10,11,1,14,1,22,1,25,1","100,2,1,4,1,5,2,6,1,7,1,27,1","100000cp,19,1","10000l,2,1,7,1,27,1","1000gal,2,1","1000l,2,1,4,1","100gal,2,1","100l,3,1","100rpm,22,1","10gpm,5,1,6,1","10kg,25,1","10l,2,1,3,1","11,2,1,6,1,25,1","110v,15,1,16,1","12000l,6,1","125,2,1,6,1","1250,3,1","130gpm,6,1","14400,2,1","1450rpm,22,1","1457,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,3,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","15,3,1,5,1,29,2","150,2,1,5,1,6,1,26,1","1500gal,2,1","15gal,2,1,4,1","160gpm,5,1","16gpm,5,1","175,2,1,6,1","1750,4,3,7,3,27,3","18,2,1,6,1","1960s,9,1","1992,9,1","1995,9,1","1998,11,1","1cp,22,1","1gal,2,1","1gpm,5,1,7,1,27,1","1l,3,1","1m,25,1","1mm,15,1,17,1","1st,9,1,10,1","20,25,1","200,2,1,5,2,6,1,25,2,26,2","2000,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","20000l,6,1","2000l,2,2","2003,9,1","2006,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","200gal,2,1","200l,2,1,4,1,7,1,27,1","20gal,2,1","20gpm,7,1,27,1","20l,2,1,3,1","21000l,5,1","2100l,5,1","22,4,1,7,1,27,1","220,15,1,16,1","220gpm,6,1","2400l,5,1","240l,5,1","240v,15,1,16,1","25,2,1,11,1","250,3,1","2500gal,2,1","2500l,6,1","250gal,2,1,4,1","250l,4,1","25gal,3,2","25gpm,6,1","2l,2,1,4,1","2nd,9,2","30,2,1,5,1,6,1,26,1,29,1","300,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","30000cp,19,1","30000l,6,1","3000rpm,19,1","3200cp,25,1","324k,26,1","3600,2,6,6,6","36000l,5,1","3600l,5,1","37,2,1","380,14,1,17,1","3rb,10,1","40,4,1,7,1,27,1","4000l,2,1,7,1,27,1","400kph,22,1","400l,2,1","40gpm,5,2","420,14,1,17,1","44,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,3,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","45,2,1,5,1,6,1,26,1,29,1","458k,25,1","45gpm,7,1,27,1","4l,2,1","4m,25,1","50,2,1,3,4,5,2,6,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,22,1","50000cp,19,1","50000l,6,1","5000l,2,1","500g,25,1","500gal,2,2","500rpm,19,1","50gal,2,1,4,1","50gpm,6,1","50l,2,1,4,1","55,9,1","59,10,1","5gal,2,4,3,2,4,2","5gpm,6,1","5l,2,1,4,1","5mm,15,1,17,2,18,1","60,4,1,7,1,18,1,26,1,27,1","6000,2,1,6,1","6000l,6,1","60hz,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","61,10,1","612k,25,1","613k,26,1","616k,26,1","617k,25,1,26,1","628k,25,1","65gal,4,1","6m,25,1","720k,25,1","724k,25,1","75,2,2,3,1,6,2,17,1","80,5,1,25,1","80°c,18,1","800l,2,1,6,1","80l,2,1","862207,10,1","867777,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,2,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","8az,10,1","8m,25,2","9000l,5,1","900k,26,1","900l,5,1","90gpm,5,1,6,1","9633,2,3,4,4,7,4,14,6,15,7,16,6,17,6,27,4","9679,2,31,3,14,4,10","9gpm,5,1","ability,9,1,18,1","abrasive,18,1","academia,11,1","academic,9,1,11,1","acetate,19,1","achieve,9,1,19,1","achieved,22,1","acknowledged,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","across,9,1,11,1","act,14,1,19,1","action,2,1,4,1,7,1,8,2,9,7,13,3,17,1,20,3,22,1,27,1,28,1","actions,9,1,13,1,22,2","actually,9,1","added,9,1,25,3","adding,19,1","addition,25,2","additional,9,1,14,1,20,2,22,1","additives,18,1,28,1","adhesives,28,1","adopted,9,1","advanced,1,5,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,2,9,2,10,2,11,1,12,2,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","aerating,26,1","aeration,17,1,25,1,26,1","affects,9,2","affiliates,8,3","against,9,1,20,2","agents,19,1","agglomerating,19,2","agglomeration,1,2,25,1","agitation,14,2,25,1,26,2","agitator,14,1","agitators,9,1","aicheme,11,1","alginate,25,2","allow,28,1","allowing,22,1","allows,18,1,22,1","alls,9,1","almost,9,2","alone,11,1","alpha,10,1","alter,9,1","alternative,9,1","although,9,8,22,1","always,19,1","ambient,22,1","amount,18,1,20,1","amp,11,1,14,2,15,2,16,1,17,2,18,1","anchors,9,1","animated,26,1","another,9,2,20,1","answer,9,1","anti,22,1","application,19,1","applications,9,4,11,1,13,3,19,3,22,1,28,1","applied,9,1,18,1","applies,18,1","applying,6,1,28,1","approach,9,1,22,1","appropriate,9,1","approved,14,1,16,1,17,1","apt,1,4,10,1,13,1","area,9,3,13,1","areas,18,1","arising,8,1","around,9,2,11,1,22,5,29,2","arranged,11,1","arrangement,28,1","array,9,1","assembly,22,1","associate,18,1","associated,9,1","atex,14,2,15,2,16,2,17,2","auto,3,1","automatically,18,1","available,8,1,9,5,13,1,14,3,15,2,16,3,17,2,22,1,26,1","avi,22,1,26,1","avoid,25,1","avoided,9,1,20,1","away,25,1","axially,20,1,22,1","bake,28,1","balance,22,1","base,11,1,15,1,16,1,26,1","based,20,1,28,1","baseplate,15,1,16,1","batch,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,9,11,12,1,13,2,14,1,15,2,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,1,21,1,22,5,24,1,25,1,26,2","bead,9,1","beads,9,1","bearings,14,2,15,2,16,2,17,2","because,11,1","becomes,22,1","beneficial,9,1,22,1,26,1","benefits,9,1,18,2,20,2,22,3,28,2","bentonite,19,1","best,1,1","between,9,6,11,2,18,2,22,1,28,1","bewildering,9,1","billion,11,2","blade,20,1","blades,9,3","blended,9,1","blenders,9,1,12,1","blending,1,2,9,3,13,3,14,1,18,1,19,5,20,1,22,4,28,2","boss,16,1","both,9,8,13,2,18,1,20,2,22,2,28,3","bottom,2,1,9,1,22,1","bragg,9,1","break,9,1","bridge,2,1,4,1,22,1","brown,18,2","browser,23,2","build,18,1","bulk,9,1","bush,14,1,16,1","bv,21,1","bypass,20,1","caking,28,1","called,9,1","cannot,9,1,22,1","capabilities,6,1","capability,9,1","capable,9,1","care,9,1","case,9,1","cases,11,1","cast,28,1","category,9,2","causes,9,1,29,1","cavities,20,6,28,6","cavity,13,2,14,1,16,1,19,1,28,5","cddm,1,4,12,1,13,2","cellulose,19,1","central,22,6","centre,22,1","centrifugal,9,1,20,1","centrifugally,9,1","ceramics,14,1,16,1","certain,9,1,18,1,22,1,28,1","cgmp,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","chamber,18,1,22,4","chambers,22,2","changes,8,3","changing,23,1","channels,13,1,28,1","chaotic,11,1","characterised,11,1","characteristics,19,2","charge,22,1","checked,8,1","checks,8,1","chemical,1,4,9,1,29,1","chemistry,13,1","choose,9,1","circulation,29,1","circumference,22,2","circumstances,6,1","clam,28,1","clamp,16,1","class,9,1,11,1","clean,15,1","cleanability,9,2,28,1","cleanable,2,1,14,1,16,1","cleaning,28,1","clearances,20,1","clip,25,2","clockwise,22,1","close,18,1","closed,18,1,25,1","closely,9,1","closure,28,1","cloud,29,1","cold,18,1","collide,20,1","colours,19,2","column,16,1","com,10,1","combination,9,2,28,1","combine,9,2,22,1","combined,16,1","combines,9,1,13,1","come,9,1","common,9,3","compact,28,1","companies,13,1","company,1,4,11,1,18,1","compared,18,1,20,2,25,1,28,1","compensated,9,1,16,1","competitive,18,1","complete,20,1,25,1","completes,25,1","complex,9,2,11,2,22,1","complexity,9,1","compliant,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","component,15,1,20,1","components,9,7,28,1","compounding,1,1,12,1,13,1,18,1","compounds,13,1,18,1","compression,22,1","compressive,9,1","comprise,9,1","comprises,9,2","comprising,9,1","computer,8,1","concentric,20,1,28,1","concern,18,1","conditioning,19,1,22,2,28,1","conditions,8,2","conducted,18,1","cone,20,1,28,1","configuration,3,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","confusing,9,1","conical,20,1,28,1","connection,8,1","consequential,8,1","consequently,11,1","consideration,9,2","considered,9,1,11,1","considering,9,1","consistent,18,1,20,1","constrained,22,1","construction,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,22,2","consultancy,1,4","contact,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,4,10,10,11,1,12,1,13,2,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","contained,8,1,20,1","contains,22,1","context,9,1","continuous,9,10,13,1,29,1","contra,9,1,20,1","contract,8,1","control,15,1,16,2,18,3,28,1","controllable,13,1,22,1","controlled,9,1,22,1,29,1","controller,15,2,16,1","controls,3,1,15,1,16,1","convenient,15,1","conventional,13,1,18,1,20,2,22,2","conversely,9,1","conveyors,3,1","cool,3,1","cooled,18,1","cooling,3,2,13,1,18,1","copyright,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","core,11,1","corners,29,1","cost,9,2,15,1,22,2,28,1","costs,11,1,22,1","could,8,1","countries,11,1","court,10,1","covered,11,1,22,1","covers,9,1","cp,22,1","crane,2,1,4,1","cream,2,1,4,1,9,1,26,1","create,9,6,13,1,22,1","created,9,1","creates,13,1","creating,9,1","critical,11,1","crush,9,1","crushing,9,2","cured,18,1","custom,19,1","customer,11,1","customised,11,1,25,1","cut,18,1,28,1","cutting,9,4,22,2","cv,21,1","cycled,9,1","cylinder,9,1","cylinders,9,1","cylindrical,28,2","damages,8,2","data,8,1","db,2,8,14,8,16,8,24,1","db100,2,1,25,4","db100f,25,1","db125,2,1","db150,2,1","db175,2,1","db200,2,1,14,1","db25,2,1,16,1","db25e,16,1,25,1","db25m,16,1","db50,2,1,16,1","db50e,16,1","db50m,16,1","db75,2,1,14,1","dc,6,9,24,1","dc100,6,1","dc125,6,1","dc150,6,1","dc175,6,1","dc200,6,1","dc50,6,1","dc75,6,1","dcl,5,8,24,1","dcl100,5,1","dcl150,5,1","dcl200,5,1","dcl50,5,1","defined,9,2,22,1","deformation,13,1","degradation,18,1","degree,14,1,22,2","deliberately,6,1","deliver,9,1","delivered,22,1","delivers,13,1","delivery,19,2","demanded,9,1","demonstrate,25,1","demonstrations,11,1","denton,10,1","depending,13,1,19,1","derbyshire,10,1","described,8,1,9,1","describing,9,1","description,13,1,26,1","descriptions,1,1,26,1","designed,9,1,19,1","despite,9,1","detail,20,1,29,4","detailed,13,1","details,10,5","developed,25,1","development,9,2","device,9,1","devices,9,4","devoted,11,1","dia,2,2,4,2,5,2,6,2,7,2,27,2","diagram,22,1","diameter,20,2,22,1,28,1,29,1","difference,25,1","different,9,5,19,1,22,1","difficult,9,1,11,1","dilution,13,1,25,1","dilutions,12,1","dimension,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,14,1,15,1,17,1,27,1","direct,22,1","direction,20,1","directly,11,1,22,1","disabled,23,1","disadvantages,9,2","disassemble,15,1","disclaim,8,1","disclaimer,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,10,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1","discrete,9,1","disperse,25,1","dispersed,9,1,25,1","disperser,9,1","dispersers,9,2","dispersing,9,1,19,2","disper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arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array(1,"","20 May 2006","Maelstrom Advanced Process Technologies - Home","maelstrom, mixer, mixers, fluid, mixing, process, processing, IPM, FDM, HSM, CDDM, high shear, pump, pumping, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, petrochemical, paint, consultancy","Maelstrom APT is a UK company supplying leading-edge fluid mixing equipment and technology to process industries worldwide.","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Site Search within All text Title Keywords Descriptions File name using All words Any words Exact phrase This site works best with Macromedia BATCH MIXING - blending - powder	dispersion - particle size reduction - de-agglomeration - emulsification - rubber	compounding INLINE MIXING - blending - low	shear - powder	incorporation - particle	size reduction - de-agglomeration - emulsification Not sure what mixing effect you	need? Take a look at our Mixing Primer © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",15);arrFiles[1]=new Array(2,"distro_db_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - DB Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Distromix FDM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW High Shear Batch Mixers Download flyer □ General purpose high shear mixers □ High performance FDM action □ Easily cleanable and robust DB25 DB50 DB75 DB100 DB125 DB150 DB175 DB200 LAB RANGE More information PILOT / PRODUCTION RANGE More information Use Lab Lab Pilot Pilot/Prod Production Production Production Production Rotor dia. (mm) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Rotor dia.	(inches) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Typical max.	mixing volume (water) 5L	1.5gal 10L	2.5gal 50L	15gal 200L	50gal 1000L	250gal 2000L	500gal 5000L	1500gal 10000L	2500gal Typical max.	mixing volume (cream) 2L	0.5gal 4L	1gal 20L	5gal 80L	20gal 400L	100gal 800L	200gal 2000L	500gal 4000L	1000gal Max speed (rpm) 14400 6000 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 Typical motor (kW) 0.37 0.75 2.2 5.5 11 18.5 30 45 Mounting Options Manual stand ● ● ● Electric stand ● ● Crane hoist ● ● ● ● Bridge support ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Bottom entry ● ● ● ● ● ● Vessel mount ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",22);arrFiles[2]=new Array(3,"elasto_eb_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - EB Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Elastomix HSM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW Batch Mixers Outline Dimension	Drawings Download technology flyer Standard HSM	machine	EB20 - Typical system configuration EB1 EB10 EB20 EB100 Use Lab/High Value	Materials Lab/High Value	Materials High Value	Materials Medium Value	Materials Typical max.	mixing volume 1L	0.25gal 10L	2.5gal 20L	5gal 100L	25gal Max speed (rpm) 50 50 50 50 Typical motor (kW) 15 75 250 1250 System Options Controls / software ● ● ● ● Hydraulics pack ● ● ● ● Cooling system Heat/cool unit Water tank Water tank Cooling tower Conveyors ● ● Auto dosing ● ● ● ● © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",13);arrFiles[3]=new Array(4,"integri_ibv_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IBV Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IPM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW Batch Homogenisers Download flyer □ High	performance liquid-liquid mixers □	Unique IPM nozzle action □	Positive displacement vane pumping □ Interchangeable nozzle rotors IBV40 IBV60 IBV100 LAB MIXER More information PILOT / PRODUCTION MIXERS More information Use Lab Pilot/Production Production Nominal Rotor dia. (mm) 40 60 100 Nominal Rotor dia. (inches) 1.6 2.4 4 Typical max.	mixing volume (water) 5L	1.5gal 200L	50gal 1000L	250gal Typical max.	mixing volume (cream) 2L	0.5gal 50L	15gal 250L	65gal Max speed (rpm) 1750 1750 1750 Typical motor (kW) 1.1 5.5 22 Mounting Options Manual stand ● Electric stand ● Crane hoist ● ● Bridge support ● ● ● Vessel mount ● ● ● © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",17);arrFiles[4]=new Array(5,"distro_dcl_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - DCL Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Distromix FDM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW Low Shear Inline Mixers Outline Dimension	Drawings DCL50 DCL100 DCL150 DCL200 Use Lab/Pilot/Prod Pilot/Prod Production Production Rotor dia. (mm) 50 100 150 200 Rotor dia.	(inches) 2 4 6 8 Typical max.	flowrate (paste) 2400L/hr	10GPM 9000L/hr	40GPM 21000L/hr	90GPM 36000L/hr	160GPM Typical max.	flowrate (rubber) 240L/hr	1GPM 900L/hr	40GPM 2100L/hr	9GPM 3600L/hr	16GPM Typ. speed (rpm) 200 100 80 50 Typical motor	(paste) (kW) 0.5 1.5 3 5.5 Typical motor	(rubber) (kW) 3 15 30 45 © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",12);arrFiles[5]=new Array(6,"distro_dc_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - DC Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Distromix FDM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW High Shear Inline Mixers Outline Dimension Drawings Download flyer DC50 DC75 DC100 DC125 DC150 DC175 DC200 Use Lab Pilot Pilot/Prod Production Production Production Production Rotor dia. (mm) 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Rotor dia.	(inches) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Typical max.*	flowrate 800L/h	3.5GPM 2500L/h	10GPM 6000L/h	25GPM 12000L/h	50GPM 20000L/h	90GPM 30000L/h	130GPM 50000L/h	220GPM Max speed (rpm) 6000 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 Typical motor	(kW) 0.75 3 5.5 11 18.5 30 45 * Flowrates can be deliberately lowered from	these values by applying back-pressure using a downstream valve. As viscosity increases, the self-pumping capabilities of the DC	mixer will reduce. As with most high shear mixers, a suitable feed pump is therefore strongly recommended in	these circumstances. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",13);arrFiles[6]=new Array(7,"integri_icv_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - ICV Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IPM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW Inline Vane Mixers Outline Dimension Drawings Download flyer	For lower viscosities and pressures □ High performance liquid-liquid mixers □	Unique IPM nozzle action □ Positive	displacement gear pumping □ Interchangeable nozzle rotors for fine-tuning ICV40 ICV60 ICV100 Use Lab Pilot/Prod Production Nominal Rotor dia. (mm) 40 60 100 Rotor dia.	(inches) 1.6 2.4 4 Typical max.	flowrate 200L/h	1GPM 4000L/h	20GPM 10000L/h	45GPM Max speed (rpm) 1750 1750 1750 Typical motor	(kW) 1.1 5.5 22 © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",12);arrFiles[7]=new Array(8,"disclaimer.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Site Disclaimer Notice","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Disclaimer Notice Maelstrom Advanced Process Technologies Limited (hereinafter referred to as Maelstrom) and/or its respective affiliates, suppliers, licensors and/or licensees make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published on this website for any purpose. All such documents and related graphics are provided as is without warranty of any kind. Maelstrom and/or its respective affiliates, suppliers, licensors and/or licensees hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all implied warranties and conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Maelstrom and/or its respective suppliers, licensors and/or licensees be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other action in tort arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from this website. The documents and related graphics published within this website could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein. All files have been checked for known viruses but Maelstrom provides no warranty that any file downloaded from its website is free of computer viruses. Users should perform their own virus checks on any file or files downloaded. Maelstrom and/or its respective affiliates, suppliers, licensors and/or licensees may make improvements and/or changes in the products and/or the technologies described herein at any time and is/are under no obligation whatsoever to inform any user of information on this website of such improvements and/or changes. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",7);arrFiles[8]=new Array(9,"primer.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Mixing Primer","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales	An Introduction to High Performance Fluid Mixing There are a vast number of technologies, machines and devices to perform fluid mixing tasks, although none can be used for all mixing duties. Not surprisingly, this makes the selection of mixers both complex and confusing for most mixer users and is one of the main reasons why fluid mixing is still the subject of intense academic research even after thousands of years of development! If you are new to the subject of fluid mixing and are looking for some help on terminology and an answer to the question, why are there so many kind of fluid mixer?, then we hope that you will find this page helpful. There are some suggestions on further reading at the bottom of the page. What is Fluid Mixing? The mixing of one or more components or materials in a fluid system can be described in terms of two separate but interlinked physical processes: Blending ( distribution ) of different components of the mixture to create uniformity throughout the mix, and Droplet or particle size reduction ( dispersion ) of one or more components of the mixture to give increased homogeneity of the system or to alter the nature of the system by increasing the contact surface area between the components, i.e. reducing the particle or droplet sizes increases their contact surface area to volume ratio. A fluid system in this context means a combination of materials which combine to form a fluid, where a fluid is defined as matter which cannot sustain a shear force while at rest. In particular, we are considering liquid-liquid and solid-liquid mixing systems here, as distinct from dry powder or gas-liquid mixing systems. Most fluid mixing problems can be	considered in terms of the miscibility (the ease of mixing) of the	system components. Miscibility can in turn be thought of as the	ease of distribution and the ease of particle size reduction - this	affects the mixing approach to be adopted. For instance, where the	rate of reaction between miscible components is to be improved, mixing efforts are focused on maximising distribution, while for mixing immiscible fluids, efforts are focused on reducing droplet or particle size to maximise the area of contact between the phases. A further consideration is the type of production process involved, of which the fluid mixing is normally only a part. The most important distinction that affects the mixing operation is whether the process is batch or continuous in nature. In a batch process, a discrete volume of material is mixed, usually within a vessel; in a continuous process, a stream of material is mixed, usually piped to and from the mixer. In an ideal world, it would be possible to choose the appropriate mixing action to suit the requirements of the fluid and then select either a batch or continuous form. In practice, many mixing technologies are offered in either batch or continuous form but not both. In situations where both are offered, there are normally some performance trade-offs. Many fluid production processes are actually defined around the kind of mixer that is used, often for reasons of expediency or standard practice. This makes it difficult for those working to innovate new fluid products to make use of new production processes and methods. Mixers offered by Maelstrom are mostly available in both batch and continuous forms and care has been taken to minimise performance trade-offs to make selection easier and more secure. Fluid Mixing Mechanisms In terms of mechanical mixing mechanisms, a number of actions are employed by different types of mixers to create different effects for particular process results. For distributive action, swirl created by rotating parts causes laminar thinning of the material interfaces, thereby increasing volumetric combination of the materials. A repeated cutting and folding action of the mixture also increases the distribution of different material components. The effectiveness and efficiency of a mixer in distributive mixing is therefore a function of how the machine interacts with the fluid in a geometric sense. Conversely, the effectiveness and efficiency of a mixer in dispersive mixing is a function of how the machine interacts with the fluid in a stressing sense. For most materials, the higher the stress, the smaller the resulting particles or droplets in the mixture. However, another very important consideration is the uniformity of the stress field. Without a reasonable uniformity, it is impossible to guarantee that the same stress is applied to all parts of the fluid. This would result in a wide range of final droplet or particle sizes rather than a narrow range obtained with uniform stressing. One or more of the three primary stressing mechanisms are used in most fluid mixers. These mechanisms are: SHEAR EXTENSION IMPACT Of these mechanisms, the most effective is extensional stressing. This is why nozzle valve homogenisers are used to create many of the ultra-fine dispersions demanded by process industries, despite their many practical disadvantages, and is why the common high-shear mixers are relatively ineffective and inefficient for dispersive mixing. Mixer Types Although there are as many types of mixers as there are terms for describing them, for fluid mixing they essentially break down into the following: Impellers - normally comprising specially shaped blades on a rotating shaft, driven by some form of motor or geared drive - batch use almost entirely, but more than 55% of the mixing equipment market is made up of these devices, which come in a bewildering array of sizes and shapes. Special agitators/blenders - this covers a range of special purpose machines which are normally for batch use only and are designed for a particular duty. Although there are often many disadvantages in using these devices such as cleanability, inefficiency and so on, their use is sometimes vital in creating certain mixing effects. The group includes ribbon mixers, pin mixers, anchors, z-blades and dozens more. The Maelstrom Fluid Division Mixer falls into this category when operating at low speed as it is capable of very high distributive performance through its dynamic use of structured cutting and folding whilst imparting almost no shear stress into the product. This is very beneficial where shear-sensitive products need to be blended in either continuous or batch mode. Static mixers - a relatively recent development (in the 1960s), these are devices for continuous use only which comprise a set of non-moving obstructions in a pipeline. The obstructions are shaped and positioned in such as way as to create cutting and folding effects and/or turbulence for mixing of piped fluid streams. Although cleanability is an issue, static mixers are a reliable and low cost alternative in a wide range of inline blending applications. It should be noted however, that any high pressure drop across the mixer must be compensated for by larger and more expensive pumps. Mills - available in various forms for both batch and continuous use, mills generally use compressive and/or shear stresses to create dispersions by crushing or grinding the fluid material between moving surfaces. A two-roll mill, as the name suggests, comprises two rotating cylinders which rotate to crush and grind material between them. The other common type, the bead mill, uses hardened metal beads inside a tumbling cylinder through which the fluid is passed to give a random crushing of the fluid. Due to the way they work, mills are particularly suited to particle size reduction of solids which are suspended in fluids, although throughputs rates are generally quite low. The Maelstrom High Stress Mixer operates with a milling action although its milling faces are specially profiled to provide additional extensional stress and distributive mixing in visco-elastic materials. Rotor-stator dispersers - usually called high-shear mixers, are the most common form of dispersing mixer. By placing a form of closely-fitting shroud around a high speed impeller, it is possible to create a shearing action between the blades and stator shroud. As material is centrifugally pumped through the mixing head, some of it will see this high shear zone and experience shear stressing that results in dispersive mixing. Where small or uniform dispersions are required, material must be cycled through the head many times to ensure statistically that all of the material has passed through the high shear zone at least once. The viscosity range handles is also restricted due to the centrifugal pumping action. Although performance is therefore limited, rotor-stator machines are fairly flexible in their duties and are available in both batch and continuous forms. The Maelstrom Fluid Division Mixer f alls into this category when operating at high speed in turbulent mode as it combines an intense hydraulic shear with its excellent blending capability. The uniformity of the high shear field in the mixing head means that some of the problems associated with stress uniformity in normal high shear mixers are avoided. FDM machines typically put 5 times more energy into fluid than equivalent high shear mixers. Special purpose dispersers - a range of complex machines and systems which deliver very good uniform dispersions, normally in particular fluid applications. For example, high pressure valve homogenisers are used in the processing of milk to ensure that the milk fats droplets are reduced in size and evenly dispersed throughout the bulk. This stops the cream separating from the milk. The valve homogeniser comprises a very high pressure pump and a controlled valve nozzle through which the fluid is forced at very high velocity to rupture the fat droplets through extensional stressing. The jet impinging mixer is another type of disperser which uses high velocity fluid streams, except that in this case, the fluid is jetted against a plate or contra-jet to rupture the droplets or particles using impact stressing. Ultrasonic mixers and membrane mixers provide extremely small droplet sizes, although their cost, complexity and fragility mean that few are used in medium to large volume production applications. Integral Pump Mixers - can really be treated as a separate class of mixing device due to the way that they combine a number of different stressing and distribution mechanisms to achieve both high dispersion and high distribution performance. Available in both batch and continuous forms, Integral Pump Mixers use internally generated positive displacement pumping to force fluid through small nozzles at very high energies whilst extending and shearing it. The fluid flowing through the nozzles at high velocity then impinges on an internal wall of the mixer. A dynamic cutting and folding action added to vigorous turbulent flow provides distributive mixing. Integral Pump Mixers are suited to a wide variety of applications due to their ability to handle a wide range of materials and viscosities, their high performance and their economic benefits. Find out more about Integral Pump Mixing technology and products available from Maelstrom Advanced Process Technologies. Further Reading 1. Handbook of Industrial	Mixing: Science and Practice, Edward L.	Paul (Editor) et al 1st ed. 2003	2. Mixing in the Process Industries, Harnby, Edwards, Nienow, 2nd ed. 1992 3. Fluid Flow for Chemical Engineers, Holland, Bragg, 2nd ed. 1995 © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",22);arrFiles[9]=new Array(10,"contact_uk.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - UK Contact Details","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales	Contact Details - UK Offices:	Maelstrom Advanced Process Technologies Ltd.	1st Floor, 59-61 High Street West	Glossop	Derbyshire	SK13 8AZ	United Kingdom	Tel:	+44 (0)1457 867777	Fax: +44 (0)1457 862207	email: sales@maelstrom-apt.com Laboratory:	Unit 3 Alpha Court	Windmill Lane Industrial Estate	Denton	Manchester	M34 3RB	United Kingdom Click here to see a map © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",5);arrFiles[10]=new Array(11,"about.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - About","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales	About Maelstrom Formed in 1998 by a group of engineers, Maelstrom	provides high performance fluid mixing and related equipment to	process industries worldwide. Fluid mixing is at the core of many industrial	processes in involved in the production of intermediate or final	fluid products. It has been estimated that 25% of the	world \'s GDP relates to the production of fluids, making mixing a	critical process for the world economy. The level of understanding of fluid mixing in	general industry and even in academia is not high. This is	largely because the processes involved in mixing are complex	and, to some extent, chaotic. Models of mixing are largely	empirical and only the simplest cases are normally considered.	Consequently there tends to be a significant gap between	academic research and industrial needs, which leaves industry in	a difficult position. In the USA alone, it has been	estimated that an inadequate understanding of mixing costs	process industries between 1 billion and 10 billion per year ( source: AIChemE) . Maelstrom \'s mission is to provide	class-leading mixing equipment to process industries that	incorporate the latest technologies and that are characterised	and scalable across a wide range of applications. A	significant proportion of the company \'s resources are devoted to	R&D resulting in many patents for new and improved types of	mixer. These patents are then licensed to large mixer	manufacturer \'s around the world. Maelstrom also supplies	machines and systems directly itself in countries not yet	covered by licensees and often supports licensees where one-off	customised or complex machines are required. Operating from its base near Manchester,	England, Maelstrom has laboratory facilities to perform mixing	demonstrations and trials on customer materials. Trials	for non-hazardous materials can usually be arranged at short	notice. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",7);arrFiles[11]=new Array(12,"products_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Mixer Products Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales MIXER	PRODUCTS OVERVIEW Distromix	FDM General purpose high shear Mixers	and low shear inline blenders Integrimix	IPM	High energy homogenising mixers for liquid-liquid	mixing, e.g. emulsification Elastomix	HSM Advanced	batch compounding mixer for low-temperature	processing of visco-elastic materials, e.g. rubber Ultramix	CDDM Intensive	structuring inline rotor-stator mixer	for emulsions, reactions and dilutions at	nanometric scales © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",10);arrFiles[12]=new Array(13,"tech_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Mixing Technologies Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Mixing Technology Overview Dispersive Action	Reduces particle and droplet sizes in a mixture.	Primarily a function of mixing energy input. Distributive Action	Creates blending uniformity in a mixture.	Primarily a function of mixer geometry.	See the Mixing Primer	for a more detailed description. Integral Pump Mixing (IPM) A highly tuneable and scalable technology patented by	Maelstrom APT and suited to a very wide fluid	viscosity range. With its integrated positive displacement pumping and nozzle homogenisation	actions, IPM offers very high energy transfer for	exceptional dispersive performance. IPM is available in batch and continuous forms. Fluid Division Mixing (FDM) Depending on its	configuration, FDM can be used in both high shear	and ultra-low shear applications. Using the	principle of hydraulic shear for high shear	applications, FDM machines offer improved	performance over conventional high shear mixers in	both batch and inline forms. In low-shear	mode, FDM uses an inter-cavity transfer mechanism to	provide an effective but gentle blending action for	shear-sensitive materials. High Stress Mixing (HSM) Intended for visco-elastic materials such as rubber and other polymers, doughs and pastes, HSM delivers	energy-intensive shear and extensional stresses for rapid compounding and blending.	Large surface contact area and integrated cooling	channels enable fast mixing of temperature-sensitive	compounds. Controllable	Deformation	Dynamic Mixing	(CDDM) For the ultimate in dispersive and	distributive performance, CDDM combines multi-nozzle	homogenisation with inter-cavity transfer principles to	create an exceptionally high performance inline mixer.	Licensed from one of the world \'s leading process	companies, this technology is ideally suited to	emulsification, reaction chemistry and dilution	applications. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",11);arrFiles[13]=new Array(14,"distro_db_prod.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - DB Production Mixers","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Distromix FDM DB75 - DB200	Batch High Shear Mixers Outline Dimension Drawing Mounting Options Video	□ Pilot & production scale mixers □ High Flow options for improved agitation & blending □ Wide range of mounting options	□ ATEX (flameproof) options □ Easily cleanable □ Interchangeable heads Specifications Use General pilot-scale or full	production-scale high shear mixing Mixing head	configuration Standard:	2/3	(2 cavity rows on stator,	3 on rotor)	Options: 3/4 and 4/4 heads available Construction materials Wetted	parts - 300 series stainless steel standard (other	materials such as titanium, Hastelloy and ceramics are	available on request) Bearings -lower polymer bush (FDA-approved	material) upper rolling element bearings standard.	Note that the standard mixer must NOT be run dry. Mountings - stainless steel or painted structural	steel as required Electrical supply 380-420 V, 50/60Hz,	3-phase - other options on request Options High	Flow - a removable half-height or full-height	impeller can be fitted to the back of the rotor to act	as an additional agitator in the vessel. This can	multiply general flow by more than 10 times if a high	degree of agitation is needed.	ATEX-compliant - a wide range of EExd motors is available. Hygienic - to meet the requirements of cGMP	and other standards © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",14);arrFiles[14]=new Array(15,"integri_ibv_lab.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IBV Lab Mixers","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IPM IBV40	Batch Laboratory Homogeniser Outline Dimension Drawing Video	□ IPM nozzle homogenisation □	Convenient batch mixing form □	Optional speed controller □ ATEX (flameproof) options □ Easily to disassemble and	clean □ Interchangeable mixing heads □	Low-cost replaceable wear parts Specifications Use General laboratory liquid-liquid mixing &	emulsification Mixing head	configuration Standard:	1mm rotor nozzles	Options: 0.5 - 2.5mm nozzles (sizes drilled	to order) Construction materials Wetted	parts - 300 series stainless steel standard (other	materials such as titanium and Hastelloy are	available on request) Bearings -polymer thrust and radial bearings.	Note that the mixer must NOT be run dry. Base - stainless steel baseplate Shaft	seal Single mechanical component seal above	the mixing head Electrical supply 110V or 220-240V, 50/60Hz, single	phase supply to controller Controls (optional) - Mains	on/off	- Start / stop pushbuttons	- Speed & load displays	- Speed control potentiometer Other options ATEX-compliant - a wide range of EExd motors is available.	Hygienic - to meet the requirements of cGMP	and other standards © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",15);arrFiles[15]=new Array(16,"distro_db_lab.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - DB Lab Mixers","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Distromix FDM DB25 + DB50	Batch High Shear Lab Mixers DB25E / DB50E Outline	drawing DB25M Outline Drawing DB50M Outline Drawing Video	□ FDM intensive shearing system □ Integrated speed control □ Electric or manual lift □ ATEX (flameproof) options □ Easily cleanable □ Interchangeable mixing heads Specifications Use General laboratory high shear fluid mixing Mixing head	configuration Standard:	2/3	(2 cavity rows on stator,	3 on rotor)	Options: 3/4 and 4/4 heads available Construction materials Wetted	parts - 300 series stainless steel standard (other	materials such as titanium, Hastelloy and ceramics are	available on request) Bearings -lower polymer bush (FDA-approved	material) upper rolling element bearings standard.	Note that the standard mixer must NOT be run dry. Base and Housing - stainless steel baseplate,	painted steel housing with stainless steel front panel	(electric lift versions) Controls - Mains	on/off	- Start / stop pushbuttons	- Electric lift raise/lower switch	- Speed & load displays	- Speed control potentiometer Electrical supply 110V or 220-240V, 50/60Hz, single	phase supply to controller Options Manual Lift - stainless steel column with gas spring compensated manual raise/lower and locking boss clamp. ATEX-compliant - a wide range of EExd motors is available. Note that this option must be combined with the Manual Lift option. Hygienic - to meet the requirements of cGMP	and other standards © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",15);arrFiles[16]=new Array(17,"integri_ibv_prod.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IBV Production Mixers","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IPM IBV60 &	IBV100	Batch Homogenisers Outline Dimension Drawing Mounting Options Video	□ Pilot & production scale mixers □ Unique IPM nozzle action □ Minimal aeration □ ATEX (flameproof) options □ User-replaceable wear parts □ Wide variety of tuning options Specifications Use General pilot-scale or production-scale high shear mixing Mixing head	configuration Standard:	IBV60:1mm rotor nozzles, IBV100:2.5mm rotor nozzles	Options: 0.75 - 5mm nozzles (sizes drilled	to order) Construction materials Wetted	parts - 300 series stainless steel standard (other	materials such as titanium and Hastelloy are	available on request) Bearings -polymer thrust and radial bearings (FDA-approved	material)	Note that the mixer must NOT be run dry. Mountings - stainless steel or painted structural	steel as require Electrical supply 380-420 V, 50/60Hz,	3-phase Options ATEX-compliant - a wide range of EExd motors is available. Hygienic - to meet the requirements of cGMP	and other standards © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",13);arrFiles[17]=new Array(18,"hsm_tech.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - HSM Technology","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales High Stress Mixing (HSM)	TECHNOLOGY Mixing Principle:	Cold mastication & multi-surface milling Fig A. HSM	rotor	Fig. B Flowpath between the and stator HSM rotor and stator (section) HSM is a novel type of internal batch	mixer that applies very high levels of shear and extensional stress in	visco-elastic materials such as rubber, doughs and certain pastes.	Typically, the HSM rotor is mounted below the stator and forms a chamber	into which the material is loaded. A non-rotating stator is then	lowered towards the stator surface such that a small gap (0.5 to 5mm) is	maintained between the rotor and stator surfaces. When the rotor	is moving, material is pulled through the rotor-stator gap and	repeatedly cut and folded by the special geometries machined into both	surfaces. These geometries also interact to promote pumping and	therefore excellent distributive blending. With the large amount of energy applied to the	fluid, a normal concern would be the rapid build-up of heat and	resulting degradation of the material. However, the large	contact surface areas of the HSM rotor and stator are	intensively cooled to ensure that all mixing can be conducted at	low temperature. Rubber compounding, for example, can be	performed at 60-80°C so that single-step mixing can be	performed, with temperature-sensitive additives included from	the start. Key to the performance of the HSM is close	control over the rotor-stator gap. Sophisticated	closed-loop control systems operating high precision hydraulic	rams ensure extremely tight control over this parameter, for	consistent, high quality results. Larger machines also	have the ability to automatically empty (dump) material after	processing to eliminate manual handling issues.	Benefits Important benefits of HSM technology when	compared to conventional internal mixers are: Very high energy input for good	dispersion and short batch times Highly efficient cooling for	low-temperature and single-step mixing No internal seals are required - this	removes many maintenance issues and allows abrasive	compounds to be mixed Competitive pricing - at or below that of	internal mixers for equivalent throughputs Note that HSM technology is also used by our	associate company Watson Brown HSM Ltd. to mechanically	de-vulcanise cured rubber.	Click here to visit the Watson Brown HSM website and find	out more about this exciting new recycling technology. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",9);arrFiles[18]=new Array(19,"fdm_tech.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - FDM Technology Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Fluid Division Mixing (FDM)	TECHNOLOGY FDM is a rotor-stator	mixing technology that can be used in two distinct modes to	achieve different mixing effects, depending on the type of	material being mixed and the speed of the mixer. High Shear Mode Low Shear Mode Custom-designed for each application Characteristics: Mixer run at high speeds	(3000rpm+) Low-medium viscosities	(<100000cP) Batch or inline operation	possible Delivery pump required for	>30000cP	(for inline applications) Mixing Principle : turbulent	hydraulic shear Used for : Rapidly dispersing powder in	liquids De-agglomerating solids in	liquids Wet milling Emulsification General high shear mixing duties Example Applications : Dispersing food gums in water De-agglomerating solids in	liquids Reducing particle size in	bentonite slurry Wet milling of paint pigments Printer ink presscake dispersions Pre-mixing solutions for IPM	machines	Characteristics: Mixer run at low speeds (<500rpm) Medium-high viscosities	(>50000cP) Inline operation only Delivery pump always required	(an extruder can act as the pump) Mixing Principle : inter-cavity	transfer Used for : Gentle blending of	shear-sensitive fluids Blending of multiple input	streams Post-mixing of plastic melts Post-extruder conditioning of	rubbers Replacing static mixers at high	viscosity Example Applications : Blending colours into cellulose	acetate Improving post-extrusion thermal	homogeneity in rubber materials Adding colours to plastic	meltstreams Blending of dissimilar rubbers Blending foaming agents into	rubber Eliminating post-extrusion	nerve	in rubber materials © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",9);arrFiles[19]=new Array(20,"fdm_hs_principle.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - FDM Technology - High Shear","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Fluid Division Mixing (FDM)	TECHNOLOGY - High Shear Mixing Principle:	Turbulent Hydraulic Shear Fig A. FDM	rotor	Fig. B Flowpath	through Fig C. Detail showing hydraulic	and stator an FDM mixeraction in rotor cavities FDM is a concentric rotor-stator system with indentations or cavities machines into the rotor and stator surfaces (Fig. A). The rotor and stator are based on a stepped conical form so that the diameter of the cone increases from inlet to outlet. This increasing diameter provides a centrifugal pumping effect.	The cavities in the rotor and stator are typically spherical segments	which are open on both vertical and horizontal faces. Fluid moving from inlet to outlet	through the mixing head (Fig. B), is driven both axially and	radially by the pumping and rotational forces generated by the rotor	component. As fluid enters the mixing head, it fills the first paired	rotor-stator row of cavities. The motion of the rotor initiates	spin in the fluid and the direction of spin in the rotor	cavities is opposite to that in the stator cavities. The fluid	vortices formed by this action (Fig. C) collide with one	another, imparting hydraulic shear. It is this shearing action	that transfers energy to the fluid for particle and droplet size	reduction. An additional effect of the contra-vortex motion of	the fluid is intimate microscopic-scale blending. This helps	with rapid and complete powder dispersion in liquids.	Benefits	This unique high shear mixing mechanism has	several additional benefits when compared to conventional	blade/screen type shearing mixers: the rotor-stator gap is relatively	unimportant - tight clearances can be avoided the energy transfer primarily results	from fluid shearing on itself, so particles contained within	the fluid are impacted against each other rather than	against the mixer surface. This gives improved	particle size reduction and reduces the amount of wear on	the mixer surfaces. all of the material going through the	mixer is forced to participate in the high shear action,	giving much more consistent results per pass when compared	to conventional machines where much of the fluid may bypass	the high shear zone. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",9);arrFiles[20]=new Array(21,"integri_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Integrimix Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IPM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW I BV	Batch Vane I CV	Inline Vane ICG	Inline Gear © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",6);arrFiles[21]=new Array(22,"ipm_tech.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IPM Technology","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integral Pump Mixing (IPM)	TECHNOLOGY Mixing Principle:	Multi-nozzle homogenisation If you cannot see the	Flash movie displayed,	please click here to download a .AVI	file Fig A. IPM	Vane-type	Fig. B Operation of IPM vane-type head assembly	batch mixer (section) The key to IPM performance is the use of an	integrated positive-displacement pumping to drive fluid through defined	flowpaths, including nozzles. This action ensures extensional,	shear and impact stressing of the fluid, leading to high energy transfer	and significant particle or droplet size reduction. Additional	blending effects are provided by cutting and folding actions within the	head so that microscopic-scale fluid blending (distribution) effects are	also obtained. The extent of dispersive and distributive blending	can be tuned by varying parameters such as nozzle diameter, rotation	speed and other factors for each model type and for different models in	the range. This allows a high degree of flexibility to ensure that	most fluid mixing applications are covered. IPM mixers are	available in both batch and inline forms although the internal	construction of the mixing head is very similar in both types. Construction	With reference to Fig. A above: The outer and inner elements are held together and are stationary The outer element has large inlet holes around part of its circumference The inner element has large outlet holes around all of its circumference The central element contains slots for vanes to move and nozzles through which the fluid can pass under pressure The central element is mounted off-centre with respect to the inner and outer elements and is rotated at speeds typically ranging from 100rpm to 1450rpm, (anti-clockwise in the picture above) The vanes are free to slide in the central element slots and are constrained by the inner and outer element walls. Operating Principle	Fluid Entry (Induction)	As the vanes move around with the central element, the chamber formed by the vanes and central and outer elements start to expand as they approach the inlet holes in the outer element. Fluid is drawn from the mixing vessel or a piped feed into the inlet holes by the low pressure in these chambers and is sheared by the vanes as it passes through these holes. When the chamber moves past the last of the inlet holes, it becomes effectively sealed from the fluid outside the mixing head. The fluid inside is then pressurised as the volume reduces during the progression of the chamber around the high pressure side of the mixer.	Compression and Nozzle Flow	As the volume reduces and fluid pressure increases in the chambers, the fluid is forced inwards through small nozzles in the central element to create very high extensional stressing. Fluid passes through the nozzles at very high velocities (e.g. at over 400kph in water) and impinges on the wall of the inner element, providing a high degree of impact stressing.	Post-Stress Conditioning and Exhaust	Once the fluid has impacted on the inner element wall, it is pumped under low pressure into the chamber inside the inner element which is sealed at the top. The fluid therefore passes out axially through the bottom of the mixing head (out of the page in the diagram). During its retention in the low pressure side of the mixer, the fluid experiences turbulent mixing and post-stress conditioning. For certain material systems, this is known to be beneficial e.g. in allowing electrostatic charge balance and membrane formation around droplets or particles.	Benefits	IPM is intended to bridge the existing gap between rotor-stator	high shear mixers and high pressure nozzle homogenisers for	liquid-liquid mixing. It offers many of the benefits	of conventional high shear technology but provides significantly	higher mixing performance. Key benefits include: Exceptional dispersion performance - at least one order of magnitude greater specific powers than those of conventional rotor-stator high shear mixers Lower cost - similar	performance can be achieved for a fraction of the purchasing	and operational costs Batch operation is	possible - batch IPM machines enable insertion of a	homogeniser directly into a vessel, a particularly	cost-effective way of upgrading an existing batch mixing	setup. Rapid, effective blending - delivered by the cutting and folding and the turbulent mixing actions Integral	positive displacement pumping - often no need for a separate	inline pump Wide viscosity range - 0.1cP to 10 7 cP	(inline only above 50,000cP) Easy scalability - due to the mathematical models underpinning the technology Controllable - speed and stressing can be finely controlled and optimised Low pressure dosing - direct dosing	into the mixing head at near ambient pressure Multistage - easy to combine into complex multi-stage machines with no pressure-drop or performance penalties © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",16);arrFiles[22]=new Array(23,"map.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Location Map","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales JavaScript must be enabled in order for you to use this map. However, it seems JavaScript is either disabled or not supported by your browser. To view the map, please enable JavaScript by changing your browser options, and then try again. Loading... © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",7);arrFiles[23]=new Array(24,"distro_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - Distromix Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Distromix FDM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW DB	High Shear Batch DC	High Shear Inline DCL	Low Shear Inline © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",6);arrFiles[24]=new Array(25,"video_fdm.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - FDM Video","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales	FDM Distromix Video (laboratory and pilot-scale batch mixers) - FDM	Technology	- Distromix	product range Distromix DB25E mixer preparing a hydrocolloid dispersion in water.	The objective is to disperse the solid rapidly to avoid	agglomeration. Once dispersed, the particles can hydrate	quickly and evenly without forming lumps. (.mpg file: 11.8M) (.wmv hi res: 1.8M) (.wmv lo res 1.1M) Distromix DB100 standard unit with open shaft in 200 litres of water. (.mpg file: 612k) Distromix DB100F High Flow unit with open shaft in 200 litres of water.	10kg of flour is added to demonstrate rapid powder dispersion.	Note how the High Flow impeller increases agitation compared with	the example above, but also increases aeration. (.mpg file: 7.4M) (.wmv hi res: 3.6M) (.wmv lo res 720k) Distromix DB100 with double-sealed closed shaft in 80 litres of water. A customised High Flow head has been fitted to generate more than 10 times the flow of the standard machine. (.mpg file: 628k) Distromix DB100 mixing a slurry of 3200cP guar gum in 8 litres of water. 500g of guar powder is added to the water slowly to ensure that lumps or fisheyes are developed. The video shows how these lumps are rapidly processed away to leave a smooth hydrated paste ready for dilution. (.mpg file: 724k) Distromix DB100 mixing a 6% (by weight) slurry of sodium alginate powder and water similar to the guar gum above. The difference here is that all of the powder is added at once. The first clip shows the powder addition and the second clip is taken 20 seconds later as the alginate completes its hydration. No lumps or dry material remain in the vessel. (.mpg file: 617k - powder addition) (.mpg file: 458k - complete hydration) © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",12);arrFiles[25]=new Array(26,"video_ipm.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IPM Video","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales	IPM Integrimix Video (laboratory and pilot-scale batch mixers) - IPM Technology - Integrimix	product range Animated model showing the IPM	principle using a section through a single stage Integrimix IBP	batch mixer. For a description of the operating principle and	a Flash TM version of the video,	click here . (.avi file: 900k) Integrimix IBV60 mixing an oil-in-water emulsion using 5 litres vegetable oil in 45 litres water with no emulsifiers or stabilisers. After 4 minutes of mixing, the emulsion remains entirely stable for at least 30 minutes. (.mpg file: 617k) or see a photo sequence with descriptions. Integrimix IBV60 mixing 200 litres of a food emulsion with a 60% oil fraction (.mpg file: 613k) Integrimix IBV60 fitted with High Flow impeller in 200 litres of water. Various High Flow options are available to provide supplementary agitation as required. (.mpg file: 324k) Integrimix IBV60 fitted with High Flow impeller and vortex-eliminator shroud mixing dried whole egg powder into 150 litres of sugar/cream base. The vortex-eliminator shroud reduces overall agitation and stops an aerating vortex from forming. Minimising aeration is beneficial in many processes. (.mpg file: 616k) © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",10);arrFiles[26]=new Array(27,"integri_icg_oview.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - ICG Overview","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IPM	PRODUCT OVERVIEW Inline Geared Mixers Outline Dimension Drawings	For higher viscosities and pressures □ High performance liquid- liquid mixers □	Unique IPM nozzle action □ Positive	displacement gear pumping □ Interchangeable nozzle rotors for fine-tuning ICG40 ICG60 ICG100 Use Lab Pilot/Prod Production Nominal Rotor dia. (mm) 40 60 100 Nominal Rotor dia. (inches) 1.6 2.4 4 Typical max.	flowrate 200L/h	1GPM 4000L/h	20GPM 10000L/h	45GPM Max speed (rpm) 1750 1750 1750 Typical motor	(kW) 1.1 5.5 22 © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",12);arrFiles[27]=new Array(28,"fdm_ls_principle.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - FDM Technology - Low Shear","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Fluid Division Mixing (FDM)	TECHNOLOGY - Low Shear Mixing Principle:	Inter-Cavity Transfer Fig A. FDM	rotor Fig. B	FDM mixer in Low Shear Mode and stator	shown with dosing injectors FDM is a concentric rotor-stator system with indentations or cavities machines into the rotor and stator surfaces (Fig. A). The rotor and stator are based on a stepped conical form so that the diameter of the cone increases from inlet to outlet. The cavities in the rotor and stator are typically spherical segments	which are open on both vertical and horizontal faces. Medium to high viscosity fluid	is pumped into the inlet of the mixing head by an external pump	such as a gear pump or extruder. As fluid moves through	the mixer, it is repeatedly cut and folded by the action of	material transfer between the rotor and stator cavities.	As there is no closure to the flowpath through the mixer and as	the rotor-stator gap is normally large, the pressure drop	through the head is very low. This means that highly	effective blending is possible without applying shear and	extensional stressing to the material. The low-shear FDM	is therefore ideal for blending and conditioning shear-sensitive	materials such as rubber, plastic, certain edible fats,	adhesives, etc. Very good temperature control of both	rotor and stator surfaces is possible using a combination of	stator jacketing and internal channels within the solid rotor.	This increases the range of applications still further.	Benefits The particular geometry of the	FDM mixer has some particular benefits when compared to older	cylindrical-type inter-cavity transfer mixers: the stepped cavity rows	allow double the number of cavity interactions for a given	mixing length, making the machines more compact and less	expensive The rotor and stator can	both be made as single, externally machined or cast	components rather that the clam-shell type of stator	arrangement normally used. This again reduces cost and	makes cleaning the machines easier. The use of quarter-spheres	rather than hemispheres as cavities minimises the potential	for caking and bake-on of materials within cavities.	Cleanability is therefore much improved. The stepped cavity rows	ensure that the shortest flowpath through the mixer is	through the cavities rather than through the rotor-stator	gap. This remedies a problem seen with cylindrical	mixers where low viscosity additives are often not properly	incorporated in the mixture. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",9);arrFiles[28]=new Array(29,"ipm_emul_dtl.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IPM Emulsification Detail","","","Tel: +44 1457	867777 email:	Sales Integrimix IBV60 - oil in water emulsion	(water continuous) Integrimix IBV60, 4.0kW, 5 litres vegetable oil and 45 litres water in square section glass vessel. Note that no chemical stabilisers or emulsifiers have been used. No.1 - Startup Oil is floating on water layer. No. 2 - At 1 second Initial cloud of emulsion as oil/water moves through head. No. 3 - At 2 seconds Downward jet from mixer causes circulation around the vessel. No. 4 - At 3 seconds Showing controlled removal of oil from the surface. No. 5 - At 5 seconds Flow into the corners of the vessel shows good macro-mixing. No. 6 - At 9 seconds The final layer of oil is on top is being drawn in. Enlarge No. 7 - Result - after 15 mins. of standing After 4 mins. of mixing, a fine white emulsion of mean diameter around 3-5 microns is produced. This photo shows the mix at 15 mins. after switch-off. No oil layer has yet formed on the surface. The mix will typically start to separate after about 30 mins. © Copyright 2000-2006 Maelstrom	Advanced Process Technologies Ltd., England. All rights reserved. All trademarks acknowledged. Disclaimer Notice Contact About Products Technologies",9);arrFiles[29]=new Array(30,"ipm_ow_result.htm","20 May 2006","Maelstrom - IPM images - oil/water result","","","",1);